As the saying goes, "scarcity makes things valuable." Since perfectly round, flawless pearls are extremely rare, pearl defects are graded according to the degree of pearl texture. The types of pearl defects were mentioned in the previous paragraph. However, threaded pearls are a more serious defect, and threaded pearls are of lower quality. Breakage and peeling of the nacre have the most serious impact on pearl quality.
The authoritative American organization: the Gemological Institute of America (GIA), grades the cortical quality of pearl strings into four types: perfect (FL), slightly spotty (SS), spotted (Spotted) and severely spotty (HS).
Flawless means that the surface of most pearls in the string is flawless, with only a very small number of flaws, and the distribution of flaws is very limited. Generally speaking, the flaws of this kind of pearls are difficult to distinguish.
Slightly Spotted means that many pearls in a string have no obvious visible flaws, and only a few pearls can be found with close observation. It is an acceptable standard if the flaws cannot be seen from about 0.5 meters away.
Spotted means that most pearls have defects, and a small number of pearls even have obvious defects that can be seen from 0.5 meters away.
Heavily Spotted means that all pearls have very clearly visible flaws, even when viewed from a distance.
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